工业自动化制造企业环境因素的识别和影响研究

企业通过建立ISO14001环境管理体系(EMS),即可以提升企业的社会形象,也能更好帮助企业实现其承担的社会责任.在实践中,明确组织的环境因素是建立符合、有效的EMS的基础,也是组织进行环境规划活动的首要步骤.本文将以某外商独资企业为例,基于该类高附价值产品的制造企业特点,建立了环境因素识别的输入输出模型来全面识别环境因素,并分析了其对企业带来的相关环境影响.最后本文讨论了企业的节能减排案例,以及相关方的环境因素的影响和管理.     

河北生态环境建设与京津协同发展障碍因素及思路建议

本文就河北生态环境建设与京津协同发展中障碍因素进行初步探讨,并提出破解障碍因素的具体思路建议。在对行政区划、产业发展、环境与发展的矛盾、市场化资源配置机制、环京津贫困带及环境属地管理模式六大障碍因素分析基础上,认为河北生态环境建设与京津协同发展,要站在京津冀协同发展战略高度,在京津冀协同发展框架下统筹规划,确立以市场为纽带的新型合作关系,实现区域内各方的密切配合、通力合作。以此为理念,提出破解河北生态环境建设与京津协同发展障碍因素的几点思路建议。     

基于城市交通平等路权的视角应对城市环境问题的法律路径

城市交通路权的分配影响城市环境变化问题,并关涉城市居民的出行、健康与生活舒适度。城市交通路权分配与城市环境变化问题之间存在着紧密的关联性。现阶段,我国法律中还未有关于路权的定义,而我国城市走上了以机动车为核心、构建快速交通系统的发展模式,忽视了甚至破坏了原有的城市慢行系统的存在,产生了很多城市环境问题。构建基于城市交通平等路权的应对城市环境变化的法律制度,符合我国的迫切现实需求。我国经济的快速发展,城市规模的不断扩大与可持续发展中以人为本的原则之间的矛盾从理论上要求我国应当以城市交通平等路权为切入点构建应对环境变化的法律,从而改善环境增加人民生活的满意度。     

华西雨屏区典型人工林对降雨过程中NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N的过滤作用

氮沉降已成为河流、湖泊及城市等生态系统的主要污染威胁因素之一,森林生态系统能从林冠、地被和土壤自上而下截留过滤大气降雨中的NH+4-N和NO-3-N,是区域大气环境污染生态防治的重要途径.选取华西雨屏区几种典型人工林森林生态系统为研究对象,采用定位监测与室内分析相结合的研究方法,于2011年4—12月对大气降水、穿透雨、树干茎流、地表径流和地下渗滤NH+4-N和NO-3-N的含量与分配进行了研究.结果表明:观测期内40次降雨总雨量为492.72 mm,NH+4-N和NO-3-N的总沉降量分别为13.248 kg·hm-2和16.320 kg·hm-2;3种人工林林冠层对NH+4-N和NO-3-N的过滤能力表现为香樟林混交林柳杉林,而地表和土壤层均表现为混交林香樟林柳杉林;无林地、香樟林、柳杉林和混交林生态系统无机氮截留过滤净输入量分别为19.557、44.079、42.331、64.896 kg·hm-2,对无机氮的综合过滤作用表现为混交林香樟林柳杉林无林地.这些结果说明华西雨屏区合理配置混交林能更加有效地降低大气氮沉降对生态系统的影响.     

现役民机客舱热舒适评价

采用修正热舒适评价值(Corrected Predicted Mean Vote,CPMV)模型,针对实测的国内及国际航线数据进行了客舱环境的热舒适评价.结果表明,当客舱内压力满足适航标准要求范围、相对湿度明显低于舒适性要求时,低压和低相对湿度均能导致热舒适评价值(Predieted Mean Vote,PMV)的正偏移,偏移量为0.3～0.4,即低气压和低湿会使乘客感觉更温暖,但这2个参数对乘客热舒适的影响有限.短途航班热舒适性不理想,部分航班出现过热或过冷现象.     

Framing an independent,integrated and evidence-based evaluation of the state of Australia's biophysical and human environments

A new approach was developed for Australia's 2011 national State of the Environment (SoE) report to integrate the assessment of biophysical and human elements of the environment. A Common Assessment and Reporting Framework (CARF) guided design and implementation, responding to jurisdictional complexity, outstanding natural diversity and ecosystem values, high levels of cultural and heritage diversity, and a paucity of national-scale data. The CARF provided a transparent response to the need for an independent, robust and evidence-based national SoE report. We conclude that this framework will be effective for subsequent national SoE assessments and other integrated national-scale assessments in data-poor regions.     

Multi-level water governance – the case of the Morsa River Basin in Norway

Management of fresh water resources meets a range of often conflicting interests. Waterways usually run across political and administrative borders and hence make management difficult and collective action politically challenging. In order to meet these challenges, multi-level bioregional approaches to water management have been called for. Such an approach is institutionalised in the EU's Water Framework Directive (WFD). This paper presents the experiences of the Morsa water sub-district in southern Norway, a pilot for implementing the WFD. The paper discusses Morsa in the light of four principles for multi-level water governance: management on a bioregional scale; polycentric governance; public participation; and an experimental approach to water governance. Contrary to widely held assumptions that collective action in polycentric networks will be difficult because actors will follow their own narrow interests, the findings demonstrate how this is not an absolute truth, and how social action cannot be fully explained by rational action theories. The analysis concludes that the relative success of Morsa relates to a complex of factors, including openness of practices and active involvement of key actors, strong but including leadership, and a knowledge based ‘hybrid’ type of multi-level network combining horizontal and vertical network governance.     

基于流域视角的水环境综合治理规划研究——以江苏省淀山湖为例

以流域为单元进行水资源综合规划和管理是实现水环境改善的重要途径。本文以太湖流域第二大省界湖泊—淀山湖为例,在综合分析流域水环境质量基础上,利用GIS 分析工具划分流域治理片区并制定分区管控策略。根据流域所含骨干河流流向、骨干河流与淀山湖交汇特点、上中下游不同河段及镇域行政边界,将淀山湖流域分为吴淞江流域、千灯浦- 淀山湖流域、昆南湖荡流域、元荡湖荡流域、太浦河流域五大片区138 个子评价单元。通过水环境容量与压力两类空间叠加分析,构建形成污染重点减排区、污染综合治理区、产业绿色化提升区、生态环境保育区等四个类型区域,并提出差异化的产业准入和环境治理措施。本研究不仅为以流域为治理单元的水环境治理规划提供了较为可行的技术体系,而且为太湖流域水环境综合整治思路创新提供了可借鉴的案例。     

Thinking with salmon about rain tanks: commons as intra-actions

The construction of California's large waterworks was inextricably entangled with a discourse of progress through technoscientific control over unruly rivers. In recent years, a turn towards decentralised governance and diversified infrastructure has produced alternate discourses of human–ecological collaboration and water as a commons. I investigate how water is understood by residents along Salmon Creek (Sonoma Co., CA) engaged in efforts to increase streamflow and restore salmon runs. Drawing on Barad's theory of agential realism, I find that living with springs and rainwater harvesting cisterns enacts intra-actions that increase residents' sense of interdependence with other human and nonhuman watershed residents. I argue that commons frameworks represent a coherent alternative to state and market frameworks of water governance.     

(Dis)connected communities and sustainable place-making

Why, despite a recent surge in the UK in “sustainable communities” policy discourse, do so many community-led sustainability initiatives remain fragmented, marginal and disconnected from local government strategies? How can community- and government-led sustainability initiatives be better integrated such that they add significantly to a denser matrix and cluster of sustainable places? These questions, we argue, lie at the heart of current sustainable place-making debates. With particular reference to two spatial scales of analysis and action, the small town of Stroud, England and the city of Cardiff, Wales, we explore the twin processes of disconnection and connection between community sustainability activists and local state actors. We conclude that whilst there will always remain a need for community groups to protect the freedom which comes from acting independently, for community activists and policy-makers alike, there are nevertheless a series of mutual benefits to be had from co-production. However, in setting out these benefits we also emphasise the dual need for local government to play a much more nuanced, integrative and facilitatory role, in addition to, but separate from, its more traditional regulatory role.